• Data-driven and learning-based cloth modeling and rendering have become the dominant paradigm, moving from hand-tuned parameters toward data-driven elastic models, estimation of cloth behavior, and learning-based animation for fast, scalable virtual try-ons and realistic fabric rendering [2], [15], [14], [12].

• Personalization and 3D-to-2D pattern design for atypical morphologies emphasize co-design with 3D body scanning and virtual simulation to generate customized garment blocks that adapt to scoliosis and other body shapes across the design pipeline [1], [11], [17], [18], [8].

• Validation, fidelity, and fit assessment of 3D garment simulation focus on how accurately simulations reproduce real garments, assessed via live fitting, 3D scans, and garment-fit studies, highlighting limitations and context-dependent validity [3], [5], [19], [6], [7].

• Microstructure-based and drape-oriented fabric modeling encompasses yarn-level cloth, adaptive contact linearization, drape analysis, and volumetric rendering to capture yarn interactions, drape behavior, and thermal/comfort implications [9], [13], [20], [4], [12].